Economic depression coupled with extended drought, unusually high temperatures, poor agricultural practices and the resulting wind erosion all contributed to making the Dust Bowl.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/dust-bowl-cause.htm
http://weather.about.com/od/weatherfaqs/f/dustbowl.htm
https://weather.com/news/news/dust-bowl-20120718#/5
replaced crops with wheat instead of natural drought-resistant grasses
dry land farming
poor farming habits
In the study, cooler than normal tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures and warmer than normal tropical Atlantic Ocean temperatures created ideal drought conditions due to the unstable sea surface temperatures. The result was dry air and high temperatures in the Midwest from about 1931 to 1939.
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