Ending US history

I have learned a lot this year in US history about several different wars and conflicts. I have learned that things don't always go as planned and that creating solutions is hard and always come with consequences. To end out the year we watched the movie 13 years about the cuban missile crisis and I took away from the movie that solving solutions is on our hands and that you can't always get everything you want. It is up to us. Strategizing and having several plans is important. That theme ties in with our recent climate study in that there aren't solutions to the rapid climate change and the solution has to come from the people.

Letter to future about climate science

Dear future teen,

The climate is rapidly changing and we were curious about why it is changing and the science behind it. I was curious about how we know the climate is changing, the causes of climate change, the difficulty of studying climate change, the reliability of the models used, and how the change is affecting plants and animals.

When first thinking about climate change, I wondered well how do we know the climate is actually changing? I started doing research and the article (1) Climate Change: How do we know? Informed me of many ways we can see the climate change. A few pieces of evidence of climate change are sea level rise, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheet, and many more. The sea level has risen 6.7 inches in the last century, most of the warming of the ocean has occurred in the last century, and Greenland lost 30-60 cubic miles of ice per year between 2002 and 2006. This evidence was shocking to me because so many beautiful places are vanishing. Be on the lookout for example such as these to know if your climate is rapidly changing.

Once I got further into research, I realized that all of these issues are in very recent years, years that I have been living on the planet. This led me to wonder, what have we done differently in the past few years to cause all of this mess? I found from (2) How our Climate has Changed that this rapid climate change is a result of many natural and human causes. The natural causes include variations in energy from the sun, the way the earth orbits the sun, the way oceans transfer heat from one area to another, and volcanic activity. Sadly, we can’t change those but we can change the human causes. Be sure to read this so you can avoid doing these things to prevent climate change. The biggest human cause if from the gas released into the air from cars and burning fossil fuels. I found more examples of ways humans cause climate change from an article called (3)Climate Change Science Overview. The human emission of greenhouse gases come from many things such as clearing forests, fertilizing crops, storing waste in landfills, raising livestock, and producing some kinds of industrial products.

The discussion of climate change is often very controversial and I was curious why that is. I decided to research why the climate is hard to study and the article, (4)The difficulty of detecting anthropogenic climate change, told me why. All of the changes caused by humans make it hard to find one reason because all of the human causes go together and are hard to separate. Some regions are harder to detect than others, the North Atlantic Region is really hard but the tropical Indian ocean is easier to detect. No one has been able to predict how the warming of oceans will influence carbon dioxide levels. If you all have not already predicted that then I challenge you to do so!

When doing research about the climate, I came across very many graphs so I decided to research the reliability of these models.(5) How Reliable are Climate Models explained how the models work and their accuracy. The models show climate trends which are said to be weather averaged over time. These are important because they eliminate extreme events. The models have been successful. They have accurately predicted many effects such as the warming in the arctic and the stratospheric cooling. Here is a graph that shows the rise in Carbon Dioxide levels. Look at how much they have gone up from 1950 until today!

When I was on this website, there was a list of questions relating to climate change. One that caught my eye was, is extreme weather related to global warming? The (6)article said that extreme weather is most likely related to global warming because the rising temperatures affect weather patterns. Rising temperatures cause many things such as an increased rate of evapotranspiration(which intensifies droughts), more water vapor is able to be held(this increases rainfall), and changes in sea surface temperatures. All of the changes, such as these increase the odds of extreme weather. Some examples of this actually happening are the drought experienced by the southeast and the west, Australia had very heavy rainfall and droughts, and the heat waves are occurring more as the temperature rises.

Another question that was interesting to me was: How is the climate change affecting our plants and animals? The (7)article about this question said that 60 percent of the world's ecosystems are now degraded and the extinction rate is way higher than it ever has been. Global warming has affected the species timing of breeding, migration, flowering, and much else. The UK has estimated that by 2050 35% of animal species will be extinct. That means that in the time you are currently living there are hardly any animals! I hope that is not the case.

One last thing that is important for you to know that I learned from (8)How can CO2 hurt us? Is that carbon dioxide is essential for many things but having too much of it is bad. This is what is increasing the global temperatures and causing the climate change to cause problems. I also found out from(9) The heat wave of 2003 that climate change brings many health risks. In 2003, 20,000 died due to extreme heat waves in Europe.
Here is an image that shows the effects of climate change on humans.

I hope that hearing these things makes you realize how bad climate change is and that it needs to be stopped because it is rapidly changing. If you all do not already have it under control, I highly encourage you to stop emitting gases into the air! Yes the climate is causing many bad things but we can do something about it. I don’t know what the climate looks like for you but I hope it is better than what it is now. I hope that all of the model's predictions were wrong and that you are living a great life free of terrible effects from climate change.

Sincerely,

Sarah Margaret Cimino










Footnotes:
1. NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA is a United States government agency that is responsible for science and technology related to air and space. Evidence of climate change found on the climate website of NASA.
2. BBC-The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. The climate article("How our Climate has Changed) is found on bitesize which is an educational website from BBC for school kids.
3. EPA- The United States Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the U.S. federal government which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. Article: "Climate Change Science Overview"
4. World Ocean Review- The World Ocean Review is an extensive report, dealing with the state of the world ocean, the interactions between the ocean and ecological, economical and sociopolitical conditions. Article: "The difficulty of detecting anthropogenic climate change"
5-7. Skeptical Science- Skeptical Science (occasionally abbreviated SkS) is a climate science blog and information resource created in 2007 by Australian blogger and author John Cook.
Articles: "How reliable are climate models?"
"Is extreme weather caused by global warming?"
"Can animals and plants adapt to global warming?"
8. EPA- The United States Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the U.S. federal government which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.
Under Climate Change Facts: Answers to Common Questions, the question "How can Carbon Dioxide Hurt us?"
9. Met Office- The Met Office (officially the Meteorological Office until 2000) is the United Kingdom's national weather service. Article("The heatwave of 2003") found under learning, learning about the weather, weather phenomena, and then weather case studies.

Research Process

In my research about the science behind climate change I have learned a lot. From this article I was surprised to see the graph that shows the massive increase in the carbon dioxide levels. It was interesting to learn about the evidence that the climate has been changing. Sea levels have risen about 16 cm in the last century, the global temperature has risen with and warmest 10 years have been in the last 12 years, the oceans have warmed about .302 degrees fahrenheit since 1969,  ice sheets have shrunken such as Antarctica who lost about 36 cubic miles of ice between 2002 and 2005.
      From this article I was once again surprised by another graph. The graph showed the huge rise in the global temperature. This site talked about the natural and human causes of climate change. I learned that some of the natural causes are variations in the energy from the sun, the way the earth orbits the sun, the way oceans transfer heat from one area to another, and volcanic activity. The biggest human cause is gas that is released into the air from cars and burning fossil fuels. 
      In this article, I learned that most of the warming of the past half century has been caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases. I was surprised to read what greenhouse gases came from such as burning fossil fuels for heat and energy, clearing forests, fertilizing crops, storing waste in landfills, raising livestock, and producing some kinds of industrial products.
 So far I have learned about the human and natural causes of climate change but next I need to look for the way the climate is predicted.

Climate Topic

The topic that interest me most is the science behind climate. This interests me because knowing how predictable climate is affects how much humans have to do with it.

Climate

weather
temperature
rainy
dry
humid

These words came to mind when hearing the word climate because first I thought of a definition and then I thought of examples.

Is climate predictable?

Dust Bowl

Sarah Margaret Cimino

1. Farmers plowed deep into the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains displacing the natural grasses. 
2. The native grasses of the Plains were deep-rooted and kept the high winds from blowing away soil. They also trapped moisture.
3. cotton farmers left fields bare during the winter or burned what was left in the field to control weeds
4. In the study, cooler than normal tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures and warmer than normal tropical Atlantic Ocean temperatures created ideal drought conditions due to the unstable sea surface temperatures which resulted in dry air and high temperatures in the Midwest during the 1930s
5.  In the 1930's, the jet stream was weakened causing the air from the Gulf of Mexico to become drier.
6. But plow-based farming in this re­gion cultivated an unexpected yield: the loss of fertile topsoil that literally blew away in the winds
7.  Years of over-cultivation meant there was no longer protection from the elements. 
8. When the drought killed off the crops, high winds blew the remaining topsoil away.
9. The farmers destroyed the nutrients in the soil
10. There was a lack lack of understanding of the environment.

Questions:

Could the dust bowl happen again?

Why was there a lack of understanding?

dust bowl causes

Economic depression coupled with extended drought, unusually high temperatures, poor agricultural practices and the resulting wind erosion all contributed to making the Dust Bowl. 
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/dust-bowl-cause.htm 
http://weather.about.com/od/weatherfaqs/f/dustbowl.htm 
https://weather.com/news/news/dust-bowl-20120718#/5 


replaced crops with wheat instead of natural drought-resistant grasses 
dry land farming
poor farming habits

In the study, cooler than normal tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures and warmer than normal tropical Atlantic Ocean temperatures created ideal drought conditions due to the unstable sea surface temperatures. The result was dry air and high temperatures in the Midwest from about 1931 to 1939.

1930's questions

1. Read about the Great Depression (Links to an external site.).  According to this article, what was wrong with President Hoover's response?  Why did people blame themselves when things went wrong, and how valid or invalid was this response?
-President Hoover underestimated the seriousness of the crisis.  Since the prevailing attitude of the 1920s was that success was earned, it followed that failure was deserved. The unemployment brought on by the Depression caused self-blame and self-doubt.  It was  valid because this forced the people to deal with it themselves and be individualistic. Because Americans are individualistic, like Hoover, did not think that the government should help. 
2. Read about Black Sunday
 (Links to an external site.). How would you have felt if you'd been there on that day? What kinds of fears, concerns, or questions would be going through your mind during, and after, the event described?

-I would have felt very scared and I would wonder when it's going to be over and what type of damage it has caused. Is this going to happen again? How can we stop it? What is causing this? 

3. Read about The Drought

 (Links to an external site.).  What areas were affected by it?  What caused it.  The author ends this article with a pithy quote.  Do you agree or disagree with this historian's perspective? Why or why not?

- The drought affected  the western third of Kansas, Southeastern Colorado, the Oklahoma Panhandle, the northern two-thirds of the Texas Panhandle, and northeastern New Mexico. . Although dry spells are unavoidable in the region, occurring roughly every 25 years, it was the combination of drought and misuse of the land that led to the incredible devastation of the Dust Bowl years. I agree with the quote because no one was doing anything to fix the issues and the fact that the issues were happening resembles the lack of care for the natural environment.They need to think about the present.

4. Read about Mass Exodus from the Plains

 (Links to an external site.).  Were does the migration of people out of the Dust Bowl rank in terms of other migrations in US History?  What made life hard for people once they arrived in California?

-The Dust Bowl exodus was the largest migration in American history. By 1940, 2.5 million people had moved out of the Plains states: 200,000  moved to California. Life was hard foe the migrants in California, they did not receive a warm welcome. It was hard because many California farms were corporate-owned and the farms  were larger and more modernized that those of the southern plains, and the crops were unfamiliar. The workers were paid by the quantity of fruit and cotton picked with earnings ranging from seventy-five cents to $1.25 a day. Out of that, they had to pay twenty-five cents a day to rent a tar-paper shack with no floor or plumbing. 

The radio and politics in the 1930s

-This article said that 
-Calvin Coolidge was the first president to use the radio to his advantage
- his 1925 inauguration was the first to be broadcast on radio. 
-the American president most associated with radio is Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Between 1933 and 1944, Roosevelt delivered 30 “fireside chats”.  
-government leaders relied on radio to convey messages to the public (President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “fireside chats”) 
-After FDR no political candidate could win without campaigning on the air
- "I am very fortunate that I came in with the radio," Coolidge commented. "I can't make an engaging, rousing or oratorical speech...but I have a good radio voice, and now I can get my message across to [the public] without acquainting them with my lack of oratorical ability."
-article-By 1924, with 500 stations and three million receivers in the United States, the radio could no longer be ignored 
-both parties used it
-politcal use of the radio was altered becasue not everyone listened to the radio
-A new Harris Poll said 65 percent of Americans surveyed think radio and television talk show hosts have too much influence in Congress and the White House
- On this day in 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt holds the first of his radio-broadcast fireside chat
- FDR used the informal radio addresses to explain his policies to the American public
-During the 1930s, approximately 90 percent of American households owned a radio
-FDR used the medium for his fireside chats 31 times between March 1933 and June 1944
-fireside chats were evening radio adresses

I know that the American president most associated with radio is Franklin D. Roosevelt. Between 1933 and 1944, he delivered 30 “fireside chats”.  THese chats were evening radio adresses. During the 1930s, approximately 90 percent of American households owned a radio so nearly everyone heard these political speeches. After FDR no political candidate could win without campaigning on the air. 

speech

    The biggest change in the 1920's was that individuals now had freedom to do things and go places they never had before. The automobile gave people freedom to go places, the rise of the flapper gave women the freedom to express themselves and have fun, education gave students freedom to be themselves, and since people had this freedom they could now be a part of a larger group such as the klan. These facts are the most important because they support the claim that freedom is the most important aspect of this era.

    The automobile strongly impacted the freedom that the people in this era gained. The automobile provided freedom to the people living in rural areas because they could now get out and go see the city. The automobile not only impacted traveling short distances but it made vacations and traveling far possbile. Thanks to the automobile, people now had the freedom to go places and do what they wanted. I believe that the automobile had the biggest impact on freedom because in today's society everyone has a car to go wherever they want. 

     Women gained a lot of freedom in this era.  The rise of the flapper gave women the freedom to express themselves through their hair and seductive clothing. In today's world, women wear whatever clothes, makeup, or hairstyle they want without thinking about it. The women in this time could now smoke, drink, dance, and attend parties. This is really important because women could get out of the house and go places to have fun on their own. The automobile and the flapper work together in a sense that they both provide escape. 

     Not only did the automobile and flapper provide freedom and escape but education did as well. Education was the first thing that gave kids the chance to be themselves and choose hobbies. School gave kids the chance to escape their families and home life to interact with friends.
     The freedom that people gained in this era allowed them to be a part of something bigger such as the Klan. The klan had 4 million people by 1924 because people had the freedom to choose to join. The people in the klan also had the freedom to choose the way they wanted to present themselves. They tried to come across as as patriots and leaders.
  All of these facts are the most important because they all relate to freedom which is the most important and valuable thing gained from the 1920's. 

Book Review

My First Day of High School by Abby Schmidt is about a woman named Susan Day who is very excited about teaching her first day of a high school economics class. Over the summer she studied all of the bizarre slang words that teenagers use so she would know what her students are talking about. On her first day a student rudely asked her for money and told her that the class was boring. This book is a lot more interesting than Susan's class seems. --Sarah Margaret Cimino--

The Klan by Evan Lake is about Jimmy who meets at Stone Mountain to form the klan. At first people were not fond of the klan. But after time as the klan grew drastically people were more supportive. As the book goes on Jimmy becomes sad because he realizes that people started to hate the klan. --Sarah Margaret Cimino--

Story book about 1920s

For this assignment, I made a short story book about the women and flappers in the 1920s. I used 14 slang terms in the story. I made my story about a girl named Jane that just graduated college because this was the time period that educated women were more common. I made Jane very special. She is a doctor so she is very intelligent and admired for having such a big job for a woman. Jane is also special because not only is she a doctor but she is also a flapper. She is considered "bohemian" because she is upper class.  She attends parties and goes dancing with her boyfriend John.

WW1 propaganda

1. I know that propaganda is media that is used to promote politics.
2. Propaganda: ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc.
The following questions are based on these images. 
4. For the first image I first notice the large words saying "Come on, boys! Do your duty! By enlisting now! Then my eye is drawn to the man on a horse in the middle holding a flag and then I realize that only three colors are being used which are orange, yellow, and brown. I also notice that the flag has an m and a 3 on it. 
For the second image my eye is first drawn to the words saying "I want you for u.s. army" then I notice the large Uncle Sam pointing towards the reader. Then I see the smaller words that say nearest recruiting station and note that only red, white, and blue are being used. 
For the third image my eye is first drawn to the girl in a navy outfit then I read the words that say,"I want you for the navy." I note that the words are capitalized and underlined. Last I read the smaller words at the bottom that say, "promotion for anyone enlisting apply any recruiting station on postmaster."There are several colors being used in this image. 
My eye is always drawn to whatever is largest in the image first whether it be the words or a person and then I read the larger words before the smaller ones. 
5. For the first image the artist was hoping that the reader would feel the need to do their duty and join the army. It almost makes the boys feel guilty for not joining the army because this image says it is their duty with exclamation marks.
For the second image the author is wanting the reader to feel wanted by the army. I can tell this because the picture of uncle Sam is pointing at YOU and saying he wants you for the army. The author is hoping that if you are wanted then you will join the army. 
For the third image the author is hoping that the reader will join the navy because you are wanted. This is the same as the second one because they are saying that they specifically want you and they underline and capitalize the word you. The author is using an image of a pretty girl to catch the readers attention and make it seem like that pretty girl wants you. 
6. The ideal audience for all of these posters is obviously men. 
For the first one the author is assuming that if the boys know it is their duty and role to join the army then they will. 
For the second and third one the author is assuming that if the reader feels wanted then they will join the navy/ army. 
7. I am comfortable with the government spending tax dollars for propaganda because without it no one would know about it. It is important to spread awareness and these posters make it easy and catch people's eyes. The posters must be used in the right way though, it is not worth it if there are going to be posters with fake information. 
8. The federal government probably felt that the propaganda was necessary because it was the only way to really convince and persuade the people. 

Progressivism: Thesis and Conclusion

Alexa,Cameron, and I have combined our progressive topics to form a thesis.

Alexa- electric chair
Sarah Margaret- Brooklyn Bridge
Cameron- "The Jungle" and Pure Food Laws

Thesis: "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair (focusing on pure food laws), the Brooklyn Bridge, and the electric chair, while very different, all have the intentions of moving forward, improving life, and increasing efficiency during the Progressive era.

Conclusion: Pure food laws were created after "The Jungle" exposed the horrible conditions of the meatpacking industry, which attracted publicity and investigations of all food industries. The Brooklyn Bridge created a large, new, and efficient way of transportation in the city. The electric chair began to be used as a form of execution because it was thought to be a quick and relatively painless death and created a more effective and efficient way to deal with criminals. All of these progressive reforms are connected by their goal to improve efficiency and life of the people.

thesis

Thesis for test prep from combining other groups theses.

In the Progressive Era, the government had a huge role with many responsibilities that the people relied on to move the country forward but sometimes attempting to move forward came with setbacks. The government wasn't always pressured for the changes, often times, the people took charge and did it themselves.

ch 20 mc answers

1.c
2.d
3. B

Ch 20 mc

1. All of these were an issue that caused movements EXCEPT:
A. Woman suffrage
B. Racial Equality
C. Working condition
D. Rights of labor
E. Rise of crime

2. All of these were progressive impulses EXCEPT:
A. The spirit of anti monopoly
B. The importance of social cohesion
C. A deep faith in knowledge
D. Belief in the importance of equality.
E. They believed industrialization and urbanization produced an abundance of social problems.

3. All of these are true about the Muckrakers EXCEPT:
A. They were committed to exposing scandal, corruption, and injustice to public view.
B. The muckrakers argued that the government needed to be left in the hands of the leaders rather than the community.
C. One of their major targets were the railroads.
D. The most influential was Lincoln Steffens.
E They were journalists.

Brooklyn Bride Progressivism

I researched the Brooklyn Bridge by looking through historical newspapers. I started with reading the article titled Rumors About Building a Bridge in 1829. The people of New York thought that this was a very interesting project and that it was a project the whole city was fascinated with. One reason the people were so excited about this is because of the idea of transportation and they thought that this project would be easy to accomplish. However, this may have not been the case. When I was reading these newspapers it seemed like they highlighted the major downfalls of the bridge but also the very exciting parts. From the newspaper, A Caisson Catches on Fire on December 30, 1870, I read that there was a veteran working and all of a sudden water and mud bursted out of the caisson onto him and the water shot up so much it broke the dipper. This was one of the first issues with building the bridge.

     One of the next problems that I read in the newspaper, One of the Bridge Cable Snaps on June 20, 1878, was that people were injured from the snapping of one of the cables. It seems to me like whenever there is a problem it comes with another problem, for example here the cable snapped but it also injured someone else. In the newspaper, The Bridge Company is Investigated on May 13, 1873, I found that there was an accusation of fraud but after doing some more reading I learned that they investigated it and everything was fine. Those were a few problems that were occurring during the construction of the bridge, but then there were still issues when the bridge was complete.

Opening Day

     When the bridge opened people were so excited that it caused injuries and even deaths. In the newspaper, Account of the Official Opening Day on May 31,1883, I read that people were killed and injured from fainting because the bridge was overcrowded. Because of this they had to get police to monitor the bridge and thin out the crowds.

Overcrowding on bridge due to rumor of collapse

Not only were people being injured from being on the bridge but the bridge brought along a lot of daredevils. People were excited that they could create the opportunity to show off and jump off the bridge. In, Robert Odlum the First Man to Jump from the Bridge, I read that Robert Odlum was a diver and wanted to show off to people that he could jump off the bridge but he ended up dying when he hit the water. After him jumping off the bridge it encouraged many others to do the same.

Robert Odlum

I read that one man jumped off at an attempt to commit suicide but he actually survived the jump. I think it's crazy that right when this bridge opened that is what some of these people wanted to do. I kept reading about all of these crazy and bad things happening on the bridge because that is what the newspapers were highlighting because it was interesting to the readers. From the newspapers that I read I wanted to read more about how excited the people were and what they thought about the bridge after 14 years of construction and 15 million dollars had gone into it.
      This topic related to progressivism because it showed that the people were excited for planning to move forward. There was money coming from the government that the progressives were excited about because it was going to bring something new and useful to their city. The turnout of the people there on opening day just shows how excited they were about this bridge and what it was going to do. The bridge opened up many new ideas and led to more bridges being built in other cities.

Brooklyn Bridge

John Roebling Plans the Bridge-THe east river suspension bridge- september 21, 1867

• An Explosion of Air- A marvelous accident in the caisson of the east river bridge-September 27,1870
• A Caisson Catches Fire- East River Bridge Caisson On Fire- December 3, 1870
• One of the Bridge Cables Snaps- June 20, 1878
• The Bridge Company Is Investigated- Brooklyn Bridge Builders- may 13, 1873
• Robert Odlum, the First Man to Jump from the Bridge- Poor "Bob" Odlum- May 20, 1885

Brooklyn Bridge notes

• Rumors about Building a Bridge in 1829

-very interesting project/ rumors
-a project that the city is interested in
-interested in transportation
-they think it should be easy to do this
John Roebling Plans the Bridge-THe east river suspension bridge- september 21, 1867

• all of new york is very excited about the bridge
• several things will be able to pass over the bridge- horses, walkers, vehicles

• An Explosion of Air- A marvelous accident in the caisson of the east river bridge-September 27,1870
• problems with the caisson
• progressivism will have problems along the way when trying to do something new
• a veteran was on duty as a watchman and water and mud all of a sudden bursted out of the shaft 
• the water shot up so much it broke the dipper
• A Caisson Catches Fire- East River Bridge Caisson On Fire- December 3, 1870
• caisson caught on fire from a candle that the workmen had
• will cost 175,000$
• once again problems with making something new that will cost a lot of money
• a bump in the road for the process
• One of the Bridge Cables Snaps- June 20, 1878
• bridge cable snaps and injures people
• another problem
• the problems seem to come with consequences whether it be having to spend more money or people being injured
• planning to move forward- the way its linked to progressivism
• money from city government that the progressives were very excited about
• 14 years and 15 million dollars
• people were excited to progress

• The Bridge Company Is Investigated- Brooklyn Bridge Builders- may 13, 1873
• accused of fraud but after investigation it was found that they are fine
• Account of the Official Opening Day-Brooklyn Bridge Horror- Twelve killed, twenty-six injured- May 31, 1883
• people killed and injured from fainting because the bridge was so crowded and jammed
• people were too excited that the bridge was so crowded it caused problems
• later they had to get police to thin out the crowds on the bridge
• Robert Odlum, the First Man to Jump from the Bridge- Poor "Bob" Odlum- May 20, 1885
• man lost his life after jumping off the bridge
• someone else jumped off at an attempt to commit suicide but he made it out uninjured

Self refelction

I am feeling worried because my test did not go well. I studied and read but I got messed up on the reading comprehension questions. We have been doing reading questions for homework too and they have been hard for me. I have always struggled with reading comprehension and we have not had to test our reading skills in history lately because our pass history classes have been project based so this has been a struggle for me. I do feel like my reading skills are improving though. We have watched two documentaries and I have learned how to analyze a documentary when talking about the subject, focus, and topic. The documentaries have related to empathy because they make you feel a certain way based on the way they are presented. I also learned how to analyze political cartoons which was something new for me.

Randolph improvements

Kaisey,Brooks,Abby
-classes based on what type of learner you are
-more hands on projects
-field trips-get out of the classroom
-outdoor classes
-different campuses
-if your'e free you can go to your job
-menu for lunch
-ipads
-you structure your day

progressive era

1. Progress: moving forward; having sucess
2. The progressive era was in the 1890s to 1920s because this was  was a time  of widespread social activism and political reform as wikapedia said. 
3. Issues:
 -the city grew
-tons of people started working
-large companies had advantages over small companies
-poverty
-rise of crime
-drugs and alcohol
achievements:
-women could vote
-child labor laws
4. All of the reforms were to better the world and they thought that they would all create change. 
5. 
Essential goals worth striving for/ Necessary changes- votes for women
Good Goals – not strictly necessary but could really improve life- prohibition
Strange Goal-minimum wage laws
Not a good idea- improving housing conditions

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1061.html 

The future

1. Predictions made 100 years ago include many things such as digital color photography, mobile phones, pre-prepared meals, television, police with xray, flying machines, moveable houses, moving sidewalks, and many other things. There are also many medical and science predictions such as cancer being cured and life being found on mars.

2. Most of the predictions were a wish rather than a warning. They hoped for many social and personal things such as tv, cell phones, waterwalk, moveable sidewalks. They were all wants and things that would make life easier rather than a necessity. All of the predictions made at the time were probably with an intent to better our country and many of them were but it could be argued that the technological achievements such as cell phones and tv has not been a good thing because it has corrupted our society and made it lazy.

3. Predictions that came true were the tv, cell phones, digital color photography, preprepared meals, and tanks. Predictions that are still out of reach are some flying machines, waterwalk, ship railway, and good weather machines. The predictions that did not come true seem reachable within the next few years, they are things I have hears people talk about. Its crazy to think that people predicted life would be found on another planet and sure enough recently there has been talk about water being found on mars.

4. People definitely seem to be anticipating a better world. When people make predictions they are making them believing that anything is possible and can be created. It seems that people are making "wishes" to make life easier and more enjoyable.

5. If I were to predict a future world my wish list would consist of traveling through time, robots, a permanent end to war, a cure for cancer, and many other things. At the rate the technological advances are going, it's hard to even imagine what we will have in the future because anything seems possible now...flying cars?? People are always talking about the negative impacts all of the new technology has, therefor, new technology may not be a good thing to wish for in the future.

6. As individuals we do not have very much control over the future it seems like. It takes larger groups with a lot of power to have control over the future and still then it seems like they don't have all of the control. I feel like the government has the most control over the future. Every time we have seen a drastic change in our world it is usually something that the government has done. The people that have the most knowledge, money, and power are in control.

http://www.visualnews.com/2014/10/13/12-victorian-predictions-year-2000/
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16444966